Easy2Siksha  
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸

/.   
  (   1500–1956 .)
󹴢󹴣󹴤󹴥󹴦󹴧󹴨󹴭󹴩󹴪󹴫󹴬    
󷡉󷡊󷡋󷡌󷡍󷡎  
 - ( ,    )
1. 󷄧󼿒
󹴢󺄴󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳󺄷󺄸󹴴󹴵󹴶󺄵󺄹󺄶
󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐
󹲉󹲊󹲋󹲌󹲍

2. 󷄧󼿒
󹴢󺄴󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳󺄷󺄸󹴴󹴵󹴶󺄵󺄹󺄶
󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐
󹲉󹲊󹲋󹲌󹲍

 - (   )
3. 󷄧󼿒
󹴢󺄴󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳󺄷󺄸󹴴󹴵󹴶󺄵󺄹󺄶
󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐
󹲉󹲊󹲋󹲌󹲍

4. 󷄧󼿒
󹴢󺄴󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳󺄷󺄸󹴴󹴵󹴶󺄵󺄹󺄶

󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐
󹲉󹲊󹲋󹲌󹲍
Easy2Siksha  
 - (    )
5. 󷄧󼿒

󹴢󺄴󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳󺄷󺄸󹴴󹴵󹴶󺄵󺄹󺄶
󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐
󹲉󹲊󹲋󹲌󹲍

6. 󷄧󼿒
󹴢󺄴󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳󺄷󺄸󹴴󹴵󹴶󺄵󺄹󺄶
󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐
󹲉󹲊󹲋󹲌󹲍 

 - (       )
7. 󷄧󼿒
󹴢󺄴󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳󺄷󺄸󹴴󹴵󹴶󺄵󺄹󺄶
󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐
󹲉󹲊󹲋󹲌󹲍

8. 󷄧󼿒
󹴢󺄴󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳󺄷󺄸󹴴󹴵󹴶󺄵󺄹󺄶

󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐
󹲉󹲊󹲋󹲌󹲍

Easy2Siksha  
󹵍󹵉󹵎󹵏󹵐
(GNDU 2021–2024    '  )

  
   
2025   
1
 - ,   
2021, 2023,
2024
󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐

2
 - ,   
2021, 2022,
2024
󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐

3
    
2021, 2022,
2024
󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐

4
    
2021, 2023,
2024
󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐

5
 - NEP /  
2021–2024
󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐

6
   -  
2022–2024
󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐

7
  1929–31
2021, 2023,
2024
󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐

8
    / 

2021–2024
󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐

󹶆󹶚󹶈󹶉
󼩏󼩐󼩑
1. 󷄧󼿒
2. 󷄧󼿒
3. 󷄧󼿒
4. 󷄧󼿒
5. 󷄧󼿒

Easy2Siksha  
6. 󷄧󼿒
7. 󷄧󼿒
8. 󷄧󼿒
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸󷄧󼿒   10󷄧󼿒
-   11.󷄧󼿒  
  
12󷄧󼿒-   
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸
/.   
  (   1500–1956 .)
󹴢󹴣󹴤󹴥󹴦󹴧󹴨󹴭󹴩󹴪󹴫󹴬    
󷡉󷡊󷡋󷡌󷡍󷡎  
 - ( ,    )
1.󷄧󼿒 -   ' ,   
󹴢󺄴󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳󺄷󺄸󹴴󹴵󹴶󺄵󺄹󺄶   : 2021 (Q1), 2023 (Q1), 2024 (Q1)
󽇐2025  :󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐(100%)
󹲉󹲊󹲋󹲌󹲍    -   , , , ,  
    
:   -    '  ,      (    
  )
  ,             "
"          ,   ,   
         ,        
      '  

  -    
       -   ,   
Easy2Siksha  
 - 
       -     
    
             ,   
,     ,           
󷇮󷇭  
""      " "  , , ,
       -          
        14
     
        , ,      
        
 -   
  ,
                 
  '      ,       
 
󷊆󷊇     ( 
)
     
       - ,
,      -   ,    
 
1.    (1453)
1453 ,            
   ,    -      
        ,      
   ,         
 
2.      
   ,         ,    
          ,     
,  ,           
  ,               
Easy2Siksha  
3.     
1450 ,               
  -     
 
 ;    
  '   
       ,         

4.   
  ,         ,    
               
              
5.   
,          
         ,    -
          -   

6.     
  ,            14
 ,              
'               
         
7.     
          -   ,    -
          ,      
 
8.     
 ,     ,      
              
 '      
󷗿󷘀󷘁󷘂󷘃         
Easy2Siksha  
      ,        

 
1.    -            ,
        
2.   -       ,  
       
3.      -   ,    
  ,      
4.    -   ,       ,
        
5.      - ,          
     ' 
6.  -            
 '     
󽁗     (  )
         - , , , ,
      
1.    
     ,          
,         
  -       
          
     "   "      
 
   ,       
2.     
       (  ,   )   
          
    ,
   , 
    ,     

 
Easy2Siksha  
       
3.    
       
        ,    
      
      ,     
, ,     
 '  ,    

          
4.    
                
 ,            
,               
5.    
      -      ,   
'        - , ,   
 -         
6.     
        ' '     
         ,   
, 
   ,   
7.    
     
    
 1492   
     
 
           
      
󷇍󷇎󷇏󷇐󷇑󷇒   '    
Easy2Siksha  
        -    
   
1.    -    -    
           
2.    -    ,     
 
3.    -        
;  
,      
4.     -            
   
5.  -  ,  ,   
6.      -      ,
     
7.      - , ,   
  '      
 
     
 - ,     

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 :      
    
 -           
,             
       
 ,           -    
,      ,        
       -  ,     

    "   "         
     - ,        -  

2.󷄧󼿒 -   ,   
󹴢󺄴󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳󺄷󺄸󹴴󹴵󹴶󺄵󺄹󺄶   : 2021 (Q2), 2022 (Q2), 2024 (Q2)
󽇐2025  :󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐(100%)
Easy2Siksha  
󹲉󹲊󹲋󹲌󹲍     , ,      

:       ,    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 

      -  -  1769        
           
   
         ,     ,
              
        :       
-    ,      ,   
            -- 
󷊆󷊇  
1.      
  ,       
      ;       
 
  ,       
2.      
  (1789)       -   , -
 
     ,       

3.    -     (1793)
 24    ,          
   
      -     
4.    (1796-97)
     ,      
  ,    
Easy2Siksha  
     ,       
    
5.   (1798-99)
          '  
  '  ( ' ,  ' ),    '
 (   )
      
6. 18    (1799)
  (  )    
  ,   ,      
   
1804 ,        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 35           
 
󷩡󷩟󷩠   
     
;          
   
1.   
    
      
         ' 
2.      -   (1804)
      
     
:   ,   ,   
       (,  ,    
)
3.   
     (1800)
       
Easy2Siksha  
    (, )  
4.   
         ( ) 
 
 -,    -  
5.     - 1801   
           
      
6.    
     
      ,   
     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔       ,   ,  
 
󽀰󽀱󽀲󽀳󽀷󽀸󽀴󽀹󽀵󽀶      
    ,         -
  
 :  (1805),  (1806),  (1809)
1810 ,       ,     ' 
 
      -   ,  

          
󷄧󽇋 
1.     (1806)
         
  
          '
 
         
Easy2Siksha  
2.    (1808–14)
         
       
    " " 
3.    (1812)
  600,000      
  " "   ,     
           
 100,000    
  
4.     (1814)
, ,        
      (   )    

5.  (1815)
    ,   ,     
      - "  !"
  (1815) ,         
 ' 
6.     
    - ,      
1821        
     : ", ,   , "
󹵍󹵉󹵎󹵏󹵐   
1769   
1793    ( )
1796–97 –  
1799 – 18      
1804  
1805   
1806  
1808    
Easy2Siksha  
1812   ()
1814   
1815     
1821    
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘     
       :
      , , 
   '    -       

     -   ,     

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
1.   
o  ,         
o      
o      
2.   
o        
o      
o        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 ,             -
      ,        
󷘧󷘨     
     :
        
   ,     -       


󽆪󽆫󽆬 :    ,    
         
     
    ,     
Easy2Siksha  
      , ,    

 ,     
       -  
   ,             
 ,       
 - (   )
3. 󷄧󼿒     -       
󹴢󺄴󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳󺄷󺄸󹴴󹴵󹴶󺄵󺄹󺄶   : 2021 (Q3), 2022 (Q3), 2024 (Q3)
󽇐2025  :󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐(100%)
󹲉󹲊󹲋󹲌󹲍    ,     ' 
:     -          
19
        -     ,   
    ,    ,        
 -    -     
   
    
,     , - , -   - 
     ,     ,    
  -   
       , ,  ,  
  
       ,       
    
󷇮󷇭   
1850  ,          -   

      , , , ,   
      ,  30        ,
        
     ,      ,   ' 
     '        -   
  -   - 19
 ,       
 ,     
Easy2Siksha  
    ,        ,
        - "        ,
 


?"
 -    
   ,           - 
        , ,    
  -   ,        - 
  
1.       
1800    ,        ,   
    :
        
     
   ( )      
 -   II  ,   
    
            
2.      
  ,             
  "   ",     
1831             
           
  
       , "  " 
      -       
           
       ,        
    
 ,        
     
Easy2Siksha  
3.  
 -     
    
,          -
,       
     - 
  
        
      -   ,   II 
      
4.    
      (     )  

  ,      
1855 ,              
           , 1859 ,
   III         
    ,    '   ,  
         ,    ' 
  -  ,   
 ,      ?
      ,   
    
   ,         
     
5.    
 ,   1860    "  " 
    (  " "   )     
  ,       ,   
      ,       II
  ,           
6.   
Easy2Siksha  
1861 ,        ,    II 
       ,    -  ( 
)   (  ) -    
1866         (   
  )   
1870    -       
,    
 , 1871 ,        
       
, 
   1861   , 
        

    
,       -           
   -   ,   " "   
1.       
1871  ,    
  39         
     ,   '  ,   
   ,           
       ,       1815
,       ,       
 
    -       ?   ?
2.       
         -   ,  1862  
          
          '      
  "      
...       
"              ,
        
Easy2Siksha  
3.     
            - 
             
(i)   (1864)
          -  
 -       ,      
              
   -            
(ii) -  (1866)
   ,    '       
            ,    
   ,           ,
        
(iii) -  (1870-71)
     ,        
           ( "
")   
    ,         -  
           ,  III, 
 ,     
4.     
 1871 ,         ,    
    ()    
    - , ,         
         '   ,  
,        " "   
Easy2Siksha  
󽀼󽀽󽁀󽁁󽀾󽁂󽀿󽁃 :    

 
 ()
     ()

  
  

  
  
 
    

   



 ( )
  
 
"
 "
"  "

1871     
1871     
      ,       -   
     ,          
󹼯󹼰󹼱󹼳󹼲
     19
         
            
  ,   ,         
    ,    ,   , 
"  "       
   
        
 -  
,            
              
          
4. 󷄧󼿒     - ,   
󹴢󺄴󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳󺄷󺄸󹴴󹴵󹴶󺄵󺄹󺄶   : 2021 (Q4 -   ), 2023 (Q4 - WWI /),
2024 (Q4 - WWI /)
󽇐2025  :󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐(100%)
󹲉󹲊󹲋󹲌󹲍   ,     ' 
Easy2Siksha  
:      -  ,     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 

20
             
   ,    ,   ,     
  ,   
 ,      
   (1914-1918)     (1939-1945)   
 -
      ,         
    ,   '    -    ,  
     
   -- 
󷊆󷊇   (1914–1918)
     
      MAIN   
1.  -            
       
2. -   :
o   (, , )
o   (, -, )
3.    -           
4.   -        ;     
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:   -       (
1914)              
     
   : 16    , 20  
   :    (-, , , )
  :    ,      
   :      ,   (, ,
 )    
   (1919)
Easy2Siksha  
       
 :
o        
o    
o  
o   (-  ,  )
        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:   ,     ,     
     
󷊆󷊇   (1939–1945)
     
1.     -      
2.       -  (),  (),   
3.   -  "" (  )  ;  
  
4. -          
    ,      
5.         ( 1939)     
  
     
   : 70         
 : 60       
   :
o , ,   
o       
o    
  :    ,       

   :          
       
1.        (1945)
o          
o       
o     
2.     (1951)
Easy2Siksha  
o     '    
o     ,   
3.     
o      
o    
o       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  ,            '
 ,            
󹵍󹵉󹵎󹵏󹵐    -       
  
 
19141918
19391945
 
 
  
  
 
 (,  , , ) 
 (, , )
~16 
~70 
  ,
 
  ,    
  
     , 
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘     
     :
  (WWI)         
                

  (WWII)    ,        
  ,      ,     
      ,        
     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼     
 
    
 '   ,   ' 
Easy2Siksha  
        

    
      
   (IMF,  , GATT)  

     
        
        (    
, 1948)
 
  : ,  ,  
  : ,  ,  
      
󷘧󷘨     
      :
    
      
       -    '  , 
          
 
󽆪󽆫󽆬 :    
       
 -    ,  
  
           
              
    
        
,  
    
 ,        ,       
          

Easy2Siksha  
 - (    )
5. 󷄧󼿒

󹴢󺄴󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳󺄷󺄸󹴴󹴵󹴶󺄵󺄹󺄶
󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐
󹲉󹲊󹲋󹲌󹲍

: 󹾱󹾴󹾲󹾳      - 1917  
1900                  -  ,
              , 
           
     
  ,        

 '               , 
   ,   -            ,
              ,     , 
              ,   
  
      ,     ,   
               
          
󽁗  
1917     ,  1905          
   " "          ,    
               
,              
     ,           
   
              ,     
     ,  II      -    
   -                
          
Easy2Siksha  
󹲒󹲓󹲔󹲕
    ,             ,
              ,    
       ,      ,  
             
 ,        ,        
           ,     
  , "
    
         
 
?"
      -        '    
'  ,            
    ,   '        
           
󷊪󷊫󷊬   
1917   ,      '     (  )
    ,              
         :
",     !"
  ,       ,     
           
    
 ,           , 15 , 1917 , 
     ( )    300       
 ,    
󽀼󽀽󽁀󽁁󽀾󽁂󽀿󽁃 
    ,             
  ' -                
, ""       -     - 
      
           
Easy2Siksha  
       -          
        ;    ,   
  
   ,         
󹻦󹻧  
 ,      ,       
              -  -
          ,    
:
1.    
2.      
3.    
  - ",   "  "   " -      
  
-,             
          -  ,     

󽀰󽀱󽀲󽀳󽀷󽀸󽀴󽀹󽀵󽀶  
25 , 1917   ,           ,
      -  , ,    -  
       ,     ,   -
     
 ,     :
"        "
       ,       
 
󽀰󽀱󽀲󽀳󽀷󽀸󽀴󽀹󽀵󽀶 
Easy2Siksha  
        
  , "" ()  ""
(    , 
,       ) 
      
 ,   " "      :
          
        
   '    
       
 1921        ,     
    ,   ,      
                
      
󷋃󷋄󷋅󷋆


  ,           
 
   
,      1921 ,  
  (NEP) 
 
   -        
 NEP      , "      
  "
󹲉󹲊󹲋󹲌󹲍  
1.      :
             
              ,
  ,     
2.        :
 ,             
          
3.       :
   , ,     '   
  ,      '  
Easy2Siksha  
4.         :
    ,        
  
5.   :
        ""   
    
󷊆󷊇
   ,    :
      
   ,     
  '     
    
 -   '   
,         NEP     
 "  "             
  -              
󹼯󹼰󹼱󹼳󹼲 
1924      ,            
   :
   
  ' 
 
 — NEP 
    -     
   ,           ,  
   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
Easy2Siksha  
  1917      NEP      
;   
 ,           
1917                
  '   
   
     
   ,            
   
 ,      ,  NEP     - 
 
                -   
              
6. 󷄧󼿒
󹴢󺄴󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳󺄷󺄸󹴴󹴵󹴶󺄵󺄹󺄶
󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐
󹲉󹲊󹲋󹲌󹲍 

:    -   (1868–1894)
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼

19
   ,   , -    200    , 
  ,             
 
,     ,    ,   
 
 1853 ,            
    ,              
            
, 
       ,      
    
     1868      -    -  
, 
,             , -  
        
󷊆󷊇 

1.     
Easy2Siksha  
o    ( )   ,      

o   ()      
o     ,       
2.   
o        (1854  ) '  
   
o           
o     
3.  
o       
o     
o         
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 

󷊨󷊩 
1868 ,    (   " ")    

  " " -  ,  
:         
     
 -      
󷩡󷩟󷩠  
1.     (1871)
o  ()      
o      ;       
o      
2. 1889  
Easy2Siksha  
o      '  
o   ,    ()  
o         
3.   
o -  
o        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔
󹳎󹳏 
1.     (1873)
o       ,   
o       
2. 
o   ,    
o       (  )  
o , ,          
3.   
o ,        
o 1890 ,       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔

󷖤󷖥󷖦  
1.   (1872)
o      
o  ,      
o     
2.       
Easy2Siksha  
o        
o   , ,    
3.    
o      
o        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔
󽀰󽀱󽀲󽀳󽀷󽀸󽀴󽀹󽀵󽀶 
1.  (1873)
o        
o   '     
2.     
o     ,      
o  ,      
3.     
o    -  (1894-95)   
o      -       
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 
󷘧󷘨  
1. 
o  ,     
o  ,           
 
2.    
o   
 ,       

o        
Easy2Siksha  
3.   
o            
󹵍󹵉󹵎󹵏󹵐    

1868 –  :      
1871 –    
1872 –    
1873 –      
1889 –     
1890 –   ()   
1894 – -      
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘   
       ,    ,   
        '  ,     
     ,      -     
,      ,      
1890   ,     
    - , ,  
       
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
1.    
o   ,    
o   -  
2.   
o   
o  ( )  
o        
3.    
Easy2Siksha  
o     
o     
o     
4.   
o      
o  (1894-95)         
5.   
o         
o    (, , )    
󺡜󺡝󺡞󺡟  
       (     ,
1877)
       
     ,       

󷘧󷘨 
           
    ()   
    ( )   
 , ,        
󽆪󽆫󽆬  
1868  1894  ,            : 
 , -         
   ,  ,    ,   
 
      
1894 ,      
 -    
    
Easy2Siksha  
             ,   
      
 - (       )
7. 󷄧󼿒
󹴢󺄴󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳󺄷󺄸󹴴󹴵󹴶󺄵󺄹󺄶
󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐
󹲉󹲊󹲋󹲌󹲍

:          
1920        -      , 
    ,      ,   
              
   ,     ,        
          
,     
 ,        ,
      1929 ,      - 
              - 
  -         ,    ,   
 ,        
   '    -    ,    ,  
     
󹳰󹳱󹳲󹳳󹳴󹳸󹳹󹳵󹳶󹳷" " -         
 
    
   ,        1920 
,      , " "     
      , ,       
           ,    
    -          
" ,    "         ,
 '     -          
Easy2Siksha  
       ,   ,    
  
 ,                
        -        - 
        :         
          ,       
  
       ""           ,
         
󹲙󹲚      - 1929     
  24 , 1929   ,   " "    
,             
           -    
 ,   
 , 29 , 1929 - " ",      
 -            , 
     
    
  
       
 -      
   
     
      
     
       1920 
         
󽁌󽁍󽁎 -  
                
          
     :
1.  :
               
 ,             
   ,      

Easy2Siksha  
2.     :
    ,          
    
3.    :
1933 ,           
             
, ""  -        '
  ,           
4.      :
     
      ,   
       ,       
,         ,     -
  
5.  :
        ,   
 - 

   ,        
      
󼪍󼪎󼪏󼪐󼪑󼪒󼪓      (     )
    
  -  -       
          '  :
1.      
        - , ,  -    
    
       ,   
      ,        
2.       
         
       
          
,   
 ,     
3.    
               
 
 ,         ,       
,        
Easy2Siksha  
4.     
              
          
   
  
  
5.       
  ,        -   (1930)

  (    ' )        -
        ,      
6.   
   ( )    
    
     ,     ,     
        
󷇰󷇯          
     
 -       
     
1.   
                
   '            
   ,     
 ,   ,         
   - 1933          

 ,        ,   
  
         
2.     
    '   -   , ,    -  
  ,            
      
Easy2Siksha  
 ,      ,         
     
       
3.    
 ,             
  - ,      
 1933   .   ,    "
"   
  ,    ,        
        -   
,   
  
4.      
        :
   ,       , 
         
 ,         
     (-)   ,  
    
     -           

󷊆󷊇    
        :
1.    :
         
 
        
2.      :
           ,  
        
3.  :
            - 
        
4.    :
         ,   
Easy2Siksha  
          (     
 )         
󷉅󷉆󷉈󷉇     
   (1929-31)     
;      
            
   ,   
,       
        
       ,      
        ,    
         ,       
    
 ,     
        
 -
 ,   ,   ,     '    
      
8. 󷄧󼿒           / 
󹴢󺄴󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳󺄷󺄸󹴴󹴵󹴶󺄵󺄹󺄶   : 2021 (Q8), 2022 (Q8 – ), 2023 (Q8 – ), 2024
(Q8 – WWII )
󽇐2025  :󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐󽇐(100%)
󹲉󹲊󹲋󹲌󹲍     , ,        
 
:󽁜󽁛             /  
/ 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 

20
            (1914-18)   
  ,             ,
 ,            
,  
  - 
Easy2Siksha  
  -  ,         
        ,     
,  ,        ,    
    ,            -

      ,        
 '  
󷊆󷊇     -  
?
1.      
             
 ,     (1919)       
 "  "  
        -     ,
         
2.  
    ,       
 , 1923         - 
    
3.  
  (1917)      
            ,
  
    
4.  
     
    (1919-33)       
  
5.  
         
Easy2Siksha  
             
  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :     
      , 
    
   (1922–1943)
  
1922 ,    ""       
          
1925 ,        
   
1.   
o      
o   '    
o   ()   
o : "    "
2.  
o " "    -      
  
o    :
    -    
   -      
o   : , ,   
3.   
o         
o          
o           
Easy2Siksha  
   
1.      
o        
o     (1935),      
o         (1936-39)   
2.    
o -  (1936) '  
o          
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔               
     

    (1933–1945)
  
 1919       
1923  (  )       
     ,      : ,
-, -
 (1929) ,         
   
1933 ,         , 
    1934 ,   ()  
   
1.   
o      
o       '    
o  ( )      
o          
2.  
Easy2Siksha  
o   (, )    
o -     
o     
o      
3.   
o     ( ,    )  
 
o  ", , " (, , ) '    
  
o ,    '  
4.  
o , ,  ,    
o    (1935)    
o  (1938) –      '  
o      60    
   
1. 
o    
o   (Anschluss)  
o "" (  )    
2.   
o 1933:    
o 1936:     
o 1938:  (Anschluss)  
o 1938:  ( ) '  
o 1939:    
Easy2Siksha  
o 1939:       
3.   
o        
o   (, , )
o     (1941)          
 
o 1945   ;        
󹵍󹵉󹵎󹵏󹵐 -    

 ()
 ()

   (1922)
  (1933)


 , ,
 
 ,   ,  


, , -

, ,   

    

  , ,  
  
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘     
1920  1930         
 ( ) ,     
,   ,        ,  '

  ,   ,       , 
      
       ,    ,   ,  
     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼     
1. 
Easy2Siksha  
o    
o   
o  ,   
2. 
o         
o       
3. 
o     ,    
o          
󷘧󷘨     
                

      
     ,  ,      
󽆪󽆫󽆬 :       
            ,    
             
         ,      
     
"       
2 (   ,    )
"                  

          ,           "